Medicine Essay Writing Guide Expert Advice #038; Prompt

Medicine Essay Writing Guide Expert Advice #038; Prompt Medical science performs a vital function in the well-being of the modern society as it prevents, diagnose and treat diseases. Sounds pleasantly, â€Å"This serious disease was eradicated from the world†. That’s possible due to the medical sciences. In general, medicine can be characterized as a scientific and practical activity that has the principal task to support and encourage the well-being of healthy and sick individuals. In what way? With the help the advancement of some effective prevention techniques, identification, and therapy of diseases. Students attending the medical courses study the human body in a healthy and ill state, a positive and negative impact of different conditions on the well-being. Besides, medical students get familiar with a set of physical, biochemical, biological, and technological tools for the prevention, identification, and cure of illnesses. Most professors claim that in the near future, you will become an expert in the field of medicine. Right? But keep in mind how much is behind this competency tons of assignments, books, sleepless nights, efforts to write medical essays and many other academic papers. The professional path of a doctor or a nurse is associated with the constant process of studying. It is an endless process, which starts at the medical school and continues through the working experience. Thus, it is important to have excellent medicine essay writing skills since to write medical essays is one of the most typical requirements in any medical school. The investigation of medicine creates a scientific worldview and ethical attitude of medical students to the development of medicine. Thus, medical essay writing is a pretty general assignment where you can present your in-depth understanding of the field of scientific disciplines that deal with: The functions of separate experts and scientific developments, The progress of anatomy following the socioeconomic circumstances, The advancement of natural science, technology, and social theory. How to Create a Well-Written Medical Sciences Essay First of all, you should remember that any written assignment given at high school, college or university requires a wide range of different skills developed with the help of valuable experiences such as Researching, Writing, Critical thinking, Investigation, Interpretation, Problem-solving, etc. Nonetheless, it is often challenging to figure out what issue to address on Medical Sciences. Moreover, it becomes even tougher when you do not know exactly how to compose an assignment on a particular topic. Secondly, you should realize that every academic assignment is different in word limits, structures, formats, ways of presenting the information, etc. However, there is that combines all of them an academic style that is objective, precise and formal. Besides some common academic paper requirements, some specific instructions are established by your tutors. In other words, they define how long your paper must be, what sources of information it must be based on and so on. So before writing a medical essay, examine your assignment attentively. Highlight those points that aren’t so common for paper writing. Always remember that easy medicine essay writing is possible only if you devote a considerable amount of time and energy to accomplish your academic writing. How to Choose Essay Topics on Medical Sciences It may happen that an instructor offers a free choice on what medical topic a student needs to work. Don’t be in a hurry to say, â€Å"I can choose the easiest medical topic to write an essay in the last minute†. Any medical essay topic can’t be investigated at the last moment. Moreover, if the instructor doesn’t specify the topic for a medical essay, he/she expects of you much more research. You need to choose a relevant, research-worthy and feasible topic on Medical Sciences. Keep in mind the question of a medical essay should not belong to the list of controversial topics. It is better to look for hot topics questions on the medic portal. The whole composition has to be focused on a specific issue, a message that you are trying to present to the audience. Your medical essays can reveal the topics mentioned below: 10+ Types of Allergies a Allergist Needs to Fight with in the 21st Century; Diagnosis of Rare Birth Defects: Its Effectiveness in the Intrauterine Life; 5 Differences of Stress Effects on Body, Mood and Behavior; The Interaction of Central Nervous and Endocrine Systems; 7 Actions of Adrenaline from a Benefit to a Harm; Is Medical Treatment with the Help of Spiders and Other Animals Effective? Global Immunization Action Plans: Key Challenges and Possible Solutions. Top Practical Tips for Medical Essay Writing Where to Look for Sources of the Medical Information After you determine what you are going to write on, you’d better search for some background information about the selected issue. Most students start off from score to google for this information taking into consideration all that catch their eye. However, you should identify the credible information sources for better results in academic essay writing. Your essays in the medical field must be based on the relevant and credible literature required to support all the arguments. For example, if you deal with the topic â€Å"Global Immunization Action Plans: Key Challenges and Possible Solutions†, you can give the reliable data from WHO on the proportion of those who receive and who don’t receive recommended vaccines. However, there is a global vaccine action plan that is aimed at preventing millions of deaths through more equitable access to vaccines by 2020. Besides, you can find the valuable sources for your medical essay in the libraries. The truth is that many students have the limited time to attend the library and analyze all the relevant publications. Thus, you can also observe the scholarly articles and the appropriate investigations by looking them online in the U.S. National Library of Medicine. Primarily, this way of collecting the data saves your time greatly. Additionally you can check the government-sponsored websites or websites of some medical organizations. It is easy to determine them as they usually end in .gov and .org accordingly. Such sites provide the actual links to the authoritative research studies, statistic data, information regarding different medical issues you can explore in your essay. Here are some examples of such websites: Medical Research Council. This site provides the readers with the recent announcements, data, and investigations in the field of healthcare. National Science Foundation. This website is focused on the field of medicine and healthcare providing you with the data on the health and human services and other settings. MedlinePlus. This is a source of trusted information you can consult to write an excellent essay on Medicine. National Institutes of Health. This is a website of the medical research agency that makes the important discoveries to improve the health of nations. How to Structure a Medical Essay Properly Writing essays on Medicine is an integral element of the entire learning process. At the beginning of this process, students may encounter some challenges when completing any writing assignment. In fact, writing a medical essay is a time-consuming and challenging process as a student is supposed to analyze various medical reports and other peer-reviewed sources of information in detail. At the same time, many students would like to get a good mark. Right? Be ready to do a great job and write a profound essay. Every paper in the area of medical science, including medicinal composition, should have an accurate and logical structure that is comprised of the points mentioned below: Introduction of a topic; Theoretical exposition of the issue(s); The practical section with parts of medical practice; Statements admitting the consequences of medical examination; Conclusions; List of literature used during the writing of an essay. Not to mention, you should develop the content of your medical essay with the proper formatting according to various style (APA, MLA, Harvard or Chicago). Generally speaking, writing a medical essay is similar to writing essays in the other courses. Thus, you should use the reliable sources of information, write in a sharp and organized form, and provide a strong argumentation for all points presented in an essay. The comprehensive guidelines for the proper formatting of citations will help you to write a reliable and respected composition. Some diagrams or charts can be also added if a graphic illustration contributes to the topic presentation. Usually the numerical data are given in this way. You should also check if the data and its reference are appropriate to use for your academic essay. Medicine is a systematic discipline that doesn’t forgive any soft-touch approach. It requires an entirely logical way of consideration as a human life will be in your hands. With this in mind, none of the educational assignments that must be completed by the medical students can be characterized as a secondary or trivial. Writing an essay in the field of medicine is a comprehensive academic assignment. Every feature of the medical field, beginning with the fundamental analysis and ending with practically meaningful innovations and findings, which can be summarized in an essay on Medicine, is required not only to be learned and acquired by students but also utilized in the writing process. The healthcare as a science performs the crucial functions in human life. The primary purpose of the given area is an investigation of different processes transpiring inside the human body with the aim to prevent or heal various diseases. It also investigates well-known and new conditions that arise in the process of evolution. Medicine is a crucial field for a person as the other issues do not make sense without health. As a result, medicine is not a simple field to study in. Realize the significance of the educational process before taking a medical course. And even if you have been already become a student of the medical school, take the responsibility for researching, writing well so that you can apply all your knowledge in practice. How to Outline a Medical Essay: Medicine Essay Writing Tips from Our Experts To organize an essay properly, you should compose an outline. First of all, you should arrange it in a way that is coherent and easy to follow. Determine what data corresponds to each section of an essay and integrate the information from your sources to support the arguments. Starting with an outline is also an effortless process to get started with the whole essay writing. Start with the points taken from the sources you found; Develop the outline of your medical essay in the following order: Body → Introduction → Conclusion The outline is a skeleton of your essay. So don’t worry if you have to reset it a few times to make more coherent. But it is important to deal with the essay outline exactly in this order. You need to build up the main part of your essay to know what to say in the introduction. Otherwise, you’ll have to return to the introduction every time after you add some information to the body. Don’t do double work while writing, especially if you are pressed for time. In the introduction, your task is to present the readers with the topic of your essay, the main points you are going to discuss and the perspective from which you’re going to discuss. Besides, you can offer some necessary background information, state why you are addressing this topic, and what is expected as a result of the investigation. At the end of your medical essay, write the conclusion. Tell the audience what you have discovered, why it is crucial to the medical field, and what future investigation should be done to facilitate the research. Avoid repeating data that has been previously declared in the paper in the conclusion section. You should state and paraphrase the main features of your essay in the conclusion section. You can also: State how your article adds to the medical field; Define the further applications of the ideas proposed in an essay. Pay Attention to Some Proofreading Tips That Help You Greatly Before the submission of your medical essay, you should make sure that your paper is ready for submission. Double check: If an essay is coherent and relevant to the topic suggested; If there is a logical development of ideas, i.e. from general to specific; If the essay paragraphs are complete and smoothly transited; If the sources of information are correctly cited; If it is free of any spelling or grammatical mistakes, etc. Thus, you should revise your medical essay and proofread it for any possible flaws before its submission. Look at the useful revision checklist to make sure you do all the best in your medical essay. Luckily, there are those who are more experienced in proofreading. You can give your paper a qualified editor to check the accuracy of an essay and correct some points if needed. At the same time, every student is supposed to get familiar with the world of medical publishing closer before submitting any paper on Medicine. Citing a source, from which you take the information for your essay, is a requirement needed to avoid plagiarism and add the credibility to your writing. It is accepted in the academic world not to spin out the data of thin air. Indeed, adding some citations to the text is much easier than investigating through dozens of sources before deciding, â€Å"It is exactly what I am looking for to back up an idea in my medical essay†. Keep in mind when you find what you need, state a source where an idea comes from, what the name of the author(s) is and on what page it is. It is helpful to do with the aim of quick formatting a reference list at the end of your essay. For most medical essays, it is advised to adhere to the American Medical Association (AMA) style to edit an essay properly. If you add a citation, you need to show that you use someone elses ideas with a correctly-cited source of information. Then, you demonstrate the reference list at the end of a composition to avoid ethical and legal issues such as authorship, intellectual property, and so on. You can use some citation programs to simplify the process of referencing. As you might comprehend, medical science is one of the most unrestricted modern sciences. It involves not only some experimental and analytical foundations but also practical activities presented in the academic papers. Medicine papers investigate various processes as well as makes suggestions for maintaining and strengthening the health conditions. The research at an institution of higher education needs much more effort than is required for students in other fields. To become a specialist, a medical student has to hold not only excellent persistence and critical thinking but also the great writing abilities to submit all academic papers. Nobody would ever doubt that such paperwork is necessary for every learner. The principal reason is that a well-organized medicine essay will be of service to the future professionals during their working experience.

Impact of technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Impact of technology - Research Paper Example In fact, it manages and runs in the veins of the community and society. At the present, a technology is associated with creativity and innovation. In this scenario, it transforms the current thoughts into reality as well as into something that is supportive and helpful to culture and society and improves the standard of human life. Additionally, it brings a number of opportunities and advantages to a common person’s life. In addition, the intensity of automation that new technologies have offered has saved a lot of precious time and human capability to a huge level. It has simplified the access to information and brought distant locations much closer (LGVideoContest; Shelly, Cashman and Vermaat 23).This paper discusses the impact of technology on human life especially laptops and cell phones. This research will outline the positive and negative aspects of technology and how they affect human life. This research will outline the major aspects of IT which are transforming and im proving the traditional practices of business and daily life. Introduction Without a doubt, technology (especially information technology) nowadays plays a significant role in all areas of life. In fact, we would have never been able to know how a something can play a key role in our lives until we would have been sited back, relaxed, and seated right in front of the laptop or computer and accessed the web for the reason that its importance can’t be described in words and it plays a key role in business, family and personal life (Sohag; Worlock; FreeOnlineResearchPapers). Additionally, the new technology (cell phones and laptops) allows us to access the Internet without any problem, and it brings friends and family much closer. However, before the emergence of the Internet technology, it was not possible to keep in contact with friends and relatives all through the nation or around the world and it was very expensive. On the other hand, at the present, a person living in Loui siana currently has so many ways to communicate with family members, friends or other people who live on the other side of the world. Hence, it has facilitated a large number of people to stay in touch with one another, and they would have not been capable of doing previous to this invention (Sohag; Worlock; FreeOnlineResearchPapers). Another main advantage of technology in business side is that it facilitated the majority of business corporations to be able to connect with suppliers, employees and partners all through the world. In the same way, small businesses are able to find their customers anywhere in the globe. Additionally, organizations are currently able to hire educated personnel from anywhere in spite of where they are, significantly growing services openings. In this scenario, the Internet has offered innumerable ways to learn about new training, jobs, volunteer chances and what is happening in our area (Sohag; Worlock; FreeOnlineResearchPapers). In addition, the emerge nce of these technologies has also changed the way people shop for products and services in diverse areas of the world. Not simply do they are able to do it online, however at their own time as well as the security of their own home. What is therefore astonishing they are able to disburse bills with no wasting stamps and guaranteeing that it gets there in a timely way? The new technology, information systems and communication tools

A presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A presentation - Essay Example Moriz Kaposi proponed there were two types of lupus erythematosus: the disseminated form and the discoid form. In 1904, Osler in Baltimore and Jadassohn in Vienna firmly established the existence of a disseminated form of lupus. Other than the discovery of the LE Cell, there were two other immunologic markers realized to be associated with lupus: the biologic false-positive test for syphilis12 and the immune-fluorescent test for antinuclear antibodies. Medical reports have revealed the extent to which lupus erythematous has spread within the population. The ration as it stands is between 20 to 150 cases in every 100,000 people. If we zero in on the United States, the pervasiveness of the disease is estimated at around 53 cases in every 100,000. While working in Baltimore, Moore carried out a study which drew the conclusion that systemic lupus developed in 7 percent of the 148 subjects who suffered from chronic false-positive tests for syphilis and also, a further 30 percent of the same number had symptoms consistent with collagen disease. Medical reports have revealed that prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the population is 20 to 150 cases per

Single-Instruction Stream Multiple-Data Stream Architecture

Single-Instruction Stream Multiple-Data Stream Architecture Introduction to SIMD Architectures SIMD (Single-Instruction Stream Multiple-Data Stream) architectures are essential in the parallel world of computers. Their ability to manipulate large vectors and matrices in minimal time has created a phenomenal demand in such areas as weather data and cancer radiation research. The power behind this type of architecture can be seen when the number of processor elements is equivalent to the size of your vector. In this situation, componentwise addition and multiplication of vector elements can be done simultaneously. Even when the size of the vector is larger than the number of processors elements available, the speedup, compared to a sequential algorithm, is immense. There are two types of SIMD architectures we will be discussing. The first is the True SIMD followed by the Pipelined SIMD. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages but their common attribute is superior ability to manipulate vectors. True SIMD: Distributed Memory The True SIMD architecture contains a single contol unit(CU) with multiple processor elements(PE) acting as arithmetic units(AU). In this situation, the arithmetic units are slaves to the control unit. The AUs cannot fetch or interpret any instructions. They are merely a unit which has capabilities of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Each AU has access only to its own memory. In this sense, if a AU needs the information contained in a different AU, it must put in a request to the CU and the CU must manage the transferring of information. The advantage of this type of architecture is in the ease of adding more memory and AUs to the computer. The disadvantage can be found in the time wasted by the CU managing all memory exchanges. True SIMD: Shared Memory Another True SIMD architecture, is designed with a configurable association between the PEs and the memory modules(M). In this architecture, the local memories that were attached to each AU as above are replaced by memory modules. These Ms are shared by all the PEs through an alignment network or switching unit. This allows for the individual PEs to share their memory without accessing the control unit. This type of architecture is certainly superior to the above, but a disadvantage is inherited in the difficulty of adding memory. Pipelined SIMD Pipelined SIMD architecture is composed of a pipeline of arithmetic units with shared memory. The pipeline takes different streams of instructions and performs all the operations of an arithmetic unit. The pipeline is a first in first out type of procedure. The size of the pipelines are relative. To take advantage of the pipeline, the data to be evaluated must be stored in different memory modules so the pipeline can be fed with this information as fast as possible. The advantages to this architecture can be found in the speed and efficiency of data processing assuming the above stipulation is met. SIMD BASICS Early microprocessors didnt actually have any floating-point capabilities; they were strictly integer crunchers.? Floating-point calculations were done on separate, dedicated hardware, usually in the form of a math coprocessor.? Before long though, transistor sizes shrunk to the point where it became feasible to put a floating-point unit directly onto the main CPU die, and the modern integer/floating-point microprocessor was born.? Of course, the addition of floating-point hardware meant the addition of floating-point instructions.? For the x86 world, this meant the introduction of the x87 floating-point architecture and its (now hopelessly archaic) stack-based register model. Actually, the addition of SIMD instructions and hardware to a modern, superscalar CPU is a bit more drastic than the addition of floating-point capability.? A microprocessor is a SISD device (Single Instruction stream, Single Data stream), and it has been since its inception. As you can see from the above picture, a SIMD machine exploits a property of the data stream called data parallelism.? You get data parallelism when you have a large mass of data of a uniform type that needs the same instruction performed on it.? A classic example of data parallelism is inverting an RGB picture to produce its negative.? You have to iterate through an array of uniform integer values (pixels), and perform the same operation (inversion) on each one multiple data points, a single operation.? Modern, superscalar SISD machines exploit a property of the instruction stream called instruction-level parallelism (ILP).? In a nutshell, this means that you execute multiple instructions at once on the same data stream.? (See my other articles for more detailed discussions of ILP).? So a SIMD machine is a different class of machine than a normal microprocessor.? SIMD is about exploiting parallelism in the data stream, while superscalar SISD is about exploiting parallelism in the i nstruction stream. There were some early, ill-fated attempts at making a purely SIMD machine (i.e., a SIMD-only machine).? The problem with these attempts is that the SIMD model is simply not flexible enough to accoodate general purpose code.? The only form in which SIMD is really feasible is as a part of a SISD host machine that can execute conditional instructions and other types of code that SIMD doesnt handle well.? This is, in fact, the situation with SIMD in todays market.? Programs are written for a SISD machine, and include in their code SIMD instructions. SIMD Machines The three SIMD machines covered in this paper are the Connection Machine by Danny Hillis, the Abacus Project at the MIT AI Lab, and the CAM-8 machine by Norman Margolus. These three machines give a pretty accurate sampling of the type of SIMD machines that were constructed as well as an idea of the motivations for creating the machines in the first place. The Connection Machine was composed of 65,536 bit processors. Each die consisted of 16 processors with each processor capable of communicating with each other via a switch. These 4,096 dies formed the nodes of a 12th dimension hypercube network. Thus, a processor was guaranteed to be within 12 hops of any other processor in the machine. The hypercube network also facilitated communication by providing alternative routes from source processor to destination. Each node was given a 12-bit node ID, and different paths between two nodes in the network could be traversed based on how the node ID was read. The network allowed for both packet and circuit-based communication for flexibility. The second machine discussed is the Abacus machine created at the MIT AI Lab. This machine was constructed primarily for vision processing. The machine consisted of 1024 bit processing elements set in a 2D mesh. The primary concept of interest from the design was that the processing elements were configurable, and used reconfigurable bit parallel RBP algorithms instead of traditional bit serial computation. This means that each PE emulated logic for part of an arithmetic circuit (be it an adder, shifter, multiplier,etc) based on a RBP algorithm. The motivation for having these configurable processingelements was to save on the silicon area needed to implement arithmetic. However,because there was a necessary overhead for reconfiguration and the implementation did not easily allow for pipelining due to data dependencies, it was not clear that having configurable processing elements was a definite win. SIMD versus Loop Pipelining We can consider two different models for mapping loops onto coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture SIMD and loop pipelining. SIMD computation model is efficient for computation intensive,data-parallel applications requiring less context words to configure reconfigurable processing elements. Since data load and computation are temporarily separated in this model, array elements are not efficiently utilized. In the case of loop pipelining, different operations in a loop can be executed simultaneously in a pipeline. With this flexibility, data load and computation can be simultaneously executed and all reconfigurable array elements can be efficiently used. In some loops, the performance of pipelining is roughly the same as the performance of SIMD. However, if a loop has frequent memory operations, the pipelining will render much higher performance. Reconfigurable Architecture The reconfigurable architecture that we propose consists of an ARM 926EJ-S processor, an SDRAM, a DMA controller, and a coarse-grained Reconfigurable Core Module (RCM) template, which is similar to Morphosys and specified in the DSE flow. The communication bus is AMBA AHB ,which couples the ARM 926EJ-S processor and the DMA controller as master devices and the RCM as a slave device. The ARM 926EJ-S processor executes control intensive, irregular code segments and the RCM executes data-intensive, kernel code segments. Design Space Exploration The design space exploration (DSE) flow of coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture. A design starts from profiling and partitioning of target application and defining an architecture from the tem plate. Data intensive, regular loops are selected from the profiling result and the rest of the application is modified to take care of synchronization. The selected loops are analyzed to determine the RCM structure from the template and the configuration words are generated. Design space exploration flow From the architecture specification, we can generate a SystemC description for fast architecture evaluation . Then the loop pipelining model is applied to the SystemC description. Binary configuration data are included in the executable code and overall performance of the application is evaluated on the transaction level platform. The transaction level modeling enables fast design space exploration at early stage . Finally, the architecture is designed at the RT level from the SystemC mo del and the performance is evaluated on the RTL platform. The RTL architecture is verified by FPGA prototyping. RCM Template Architecture RCM specification starts from the template architecture similar to Morphosys. Whereas the memory structure (frame buffer and configuration cache) of Morphosys support only the SIMD model, we support both SIMD and pipelining by modifying the memory structure. Types of memory:- Frame Buffer Frame buffer (FB) of Morphosys does not support concurrency between the load of two operands and the store of result in a same column. It is not needed in SIMD mapping. However, in the case of loop pipelining, concurrent load and store operations can happen between mapped loop iterations. So we modified the FB and bit-width of data bus is specified in the DSE flow. We simply added a bank to each set. Therefore, a bank can be connected to the write bus while the other two banks are connected to the read buses. Any combination of one-to-one mapping between the three banks and the three buses is possible. Configuration Cache Context memory of Morphosys is designed for broadcast configuration. So RCs in the same row or column share the same context word for SIMD operation. However, in the case of loop pipelining, each RC can be configured by different context word. So we modified the context memory and designated it as Configuration Cache. Configuration cache is composed of 64 Cache Elements(CE) and Cache Control Unit(CCU) for controlling each CE. Each CE has enough layers that enable dynamic reconfiguration and the number of layers is specified in the DSE flow. CCU supports 4 configuration modes(three broadcast modes and one individual mode) for efficient data assignment. RC Array Execution Control Unit If the main processor directly controls the RC array execution through AMBA AHB, it will cause high overhead in the main processor. In addition, the latency of the control will degrade the performance of the whole system, especially when dynamic reconfiguration is used. So we implement a control unit to control the execution of the RC array every cycle. The RC Array Execution Control Unit (RCECU) receives the encoded data for controlling RC execution from the main processor. The encoded data includes execution cycles, chip select, read/write mode, and addresses of FB and CCU for guaranteeing correct operations of the RC array. RCM Specification From profiling result, we find that ME and DCT functions occupymost of the execution time ME takes about 70% and DCT takes about 7.40%. Specifically, Sum of Absolute Differences (SAD) function called by ME takes about 47.7%. Furthermore, the two functions have regular loops that fit well with the RC array. We determine the RCM structure by analyzing the DCT and ME functions. The structure is similar to Morphosys but the bit-widthof the data bus is extended to 16 and some interconnects between RCs are added for the DCT function. In the case of Morphosys, horizontal and vertical express lanes exist to guarantee connectivity between quadrants but express lanes dont support concurrent data exchange between symmetrical RCs in the same row or column. Therefore the interconnects are added for removing data arrangement cycles . We do not expect much increase in the area with this modification but need quantitative analysis to see the effect.

The Broken Spears by Miguel Leon-Portilla Essay -- Aztecs Broken Spear

"The Broken Spears" by Miguel Leon-Portilla The author argues that the Spanish were completely at fault for the total destruction of the Aztec Empire. In Broken spears, the author explains how many factors other than Spanish power contributed to the downfall of the Aztecs. Not only did the Spanish have many advantages over the Aztecs, but also they also exploited them and took advantage of the cultural difference. The main key aspects to the Spanish victory, is that the Spanish were viewed as gods at first because of their appearance, the Aztecs welcomed the Spanish with gifts and festivities, which showed the Spanish had total control of people. The Aztecs also held a ritual ceremony for the arrival of the â€Å"god† that included a human sacrifice, which was seen by the Spanish as a disgusting act, this trigged Spanish hatred for the Aztecs. When the Spanish saw the resources that the Aztecs had, they quickly started taking advantage of the Aztecs weaknesses. The Spanish had more power; they were better equipped than the Aztecs and more advanced. The Aztecs’ leader Montecuhzoma was a weak leader, he was more of a coward, more concerned with his well being and safety than the safety of his people and kingdom so he quickly surrendered under pressure. The Spanish used surrounding enemy tribes to take over the Aztec lands, then began to massacre men, women and children. When the Aztec became angry and started to fight back, they were quickly wrecked by the diseases the Spanish ...

Communication Breakdown

Communication Breakdown Deborah Tannen in her essay â€Å"Sex Lies and Conversation† points out the problems in communication between genders. She focuses on conversational styles and on how a person’s expectations of one’s reaction may cause misunderstanding. She emphasizes the importance of something she calls cross cultural communication. Tannen believes that in order to communicate properly with the opposite sex we must learn their culture and adapt to conversation with them. First, Tannen describes the differences in how children socialize.Most of what we know about communication we learned when we were children. When women are little girls, they have best friends, ones we can share our secrets with. When we get a little older and have a relationship with the opposite sex we expect the same kind of communication. Tannen believes the importance is not necessarily the topic but the feeling that you get from conversation and points out ,â€Å"What is important is not the individual subjects that are disclosed but the sense of closeness, of a life shared, that emerges when people tell their thoughts, feelings and impressions† (51).We must learn to socialize with the opposite sex the same way we do with the same sex. If we could learn to connect and have the â€Å"sense of closeness† with the opposite sex we might be able to communicate successfully. Tannen’s research has shown that men socialize differently as boys and â€Å"Since they don’t assume talk is the cement that binds the relationship, men don’t know what kind of talk women want, and they don’t miss it when it isn’t there†(51). Tannen points out that boys learn to communicate in larger groups, often struggling not to be in the subaltern position of the conversation.Men do not like to listen; they like to feel like they are the superior person in the conversation. (51) Communication starts in childhood and what we have learne d to expect from conversations. Next, Tannen observes how men and women listen to each other and how this can cause misunderstanding between genders . She feels that there is confusion about what women expect and declares, â€Å"When women talk to each other in a close, comfortable setting, they often overlap, finish each other’s sentences and anticipate what the other is about to say† (53).Tannen also talks about listener noise. Women often will say â€Å"mhm† or â€Å"uhuh† and men do not do these things when they talk to each other. Women are looking for that â€Å"listener noise† and if he is silent, she thinks he is ignoring her but on the same token Tannen notes, â€Å"Men who expect silent attention interpret a stream of listener noise as overreaction or impatience† (53). Body language and conversational habits are causing women to feel like they are being ignored and men to feel as if they are being interrupted.When a woman is having a conversation they expect the listener to â€Å"express agreement† and be supportive of the conversation. Men, on the other hand, feel it is their conversational duty to express other positions in the argument. (53) Learning the importance of building a rapport with the person you are talking to may be another way to have successful conversation with the opposite sex. Finally, Tannen believes that learning how the opposite sex communicates is the key. If we can learn what to expect when communicating with someone then we can learn how to respond.Tannen suggests â€Å" A sociolinguistic approach by which male-female conversation is seen as cross- cultural communication allows us to understand the problem and forge solutions without blaming either party†(54). Tannen stresses the importance of telling the other person how you feel about their communication with you and advises,† Women who feel abandoned and deprived when their husbands won’t listen to or re port daily news may be happy to discover their husbands trying to adapt once they understand the place of small talk in women’s relationships† (55).It is really not the male or females fault that we communicate the way we do but it is our fault if we do not speak up and tell them it bothers us. When we are in a relationship with another person we just have to adapt to the way they communicate to make the relationship work. If a woman learns to accept that her husband is not going to communicate with her like her best girlfriend did in her childhood then she can look for other people to hold those types of conversation with. (55) Learning to communicate with the opposite sex involves many different things.Communication is something that is learned in childhood but mostly with the same sex. In order to have a successful relationship with good communication we must understand that men and women have very different body language when communicating and that they do not respo nd the same. Accepting that there is a difference in the communication of genders and learning to adapt is paramount in relationships. Tannen, Deborah. â€Å"Sex, Lies and Conversation. † The Norton Mix. Judy Sieg. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2012. 45-55. Print.

12 Greatest Visual Artists of All Time

If you ask art historians who the greatest visual artists of all time are, there would be a multitude of different names. Of course,  there are several standards by which you can measure who the best artists of all time are. Unfortunately, the art world has been  historically dominated by men, and women artists are seldom mentioned despite their enormous contributions. It is important that women artists are also recognized as part of the canon, though, for their work is also of superior and enduring quality, and some even achieved success in their own day despite great societal obstacles. There are several factors that would determine if a particular artist makes the list. One of them is the trend and fashion of the moment that the artist lived, another is the longevity of an artists popularity. The impact made by an artist on his contemporaries is yet another factor to consider. In the long run, determining who are the greatest artists of all time may be a subjective opinion;  however, based on public opinion and what the museums say, the 10  best visual artists of all time are: 1.  Michelangelo (1475-1564) Michelangelo is regarded as the greatest sculptor and painter of all time. He was a major figure of the Renaissance in Italy, especially in Florence and Rome. Even today, some of his marble carvings have a flawless beauty. Michelangelo is popularly known for the Italian Renaissance sculpture as well as the Sistine Chapel frescoes, among other incredible works of art. 2.  Rembrandt van Rijn  (1606-1669) Rembrandt is a Dutch painting genius who created several masterpieces. Rembrandt is particularly renowned for his passion for history painting and still life portraits. He made several canvasses famous for their emotional content, which is why Rembrandt was branded as a realist painter. 3. Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) Pablo Picasso, the founder of cubism, is one of the most influential artists in history. He was a sculptor, printmaker, painter, and ceramicist. He produced several of the greatest paintings of the 20th century. Born to a painter father, Picasso received all the needed encouragement to build a successful painting career. This gave him the privilege to study art in some of the finest art schools in Spain. He was among the 250 sculptors who exhibited the 3rd Sculpture International held in America. His style and technique was exceptionally prolific throughout his lifetime, producing a total number of 50,000 artworks, including drawings, paintings, and sculptures, among others. Of all  forms of art, Picasso excelled most in painting. 4. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Leonardo was born in Florence, Italy. Despite living several centuries ago, he still remains one of the most influential artists of all time. His only training was in the field of science and he was apprenticed at an early age to a renown Florence painter of the  time.  Leonardo was regarded as an intellectual in his lifetime because of his passion for science. Leonardos contributions to the art world were small, but two of his paintings are the most popular today: Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, which is the only surviving fresco of Leonardo da Vinci. The fact that his interest ranged beyond art could have been the reason why his input was very small. In his lifetime, so engrossed was he in physics and mechanics, that he created workable artistic designs for bicycles, among other things. This is what is popularly believed to be the cause of his failure to complete several of his paintings and art projects. There are also credible reports that he spent a significant amount of time thinking and testing scientific laws, as well as writing his observations about them. 5. Claude Monet  (1840-1926) Claude Monet is popularly regarded as the founder of French Impressionist painting. Monet had an incredible passion for documenting the countryside in his numerous paintings. This was the birth of his impressionist paintings. When Monet went to Paris, he observed several artists copying the popular works of other artists. Rather than follow this trend, Monet developed the habit of sitting by an available window and painting what he saw. Gradually, Monet became popular for his impressionism. He influenced several young artists and made them commit to impressionism, and within a short period of time, Impressionism became a popular form of painting in Paris. Sometime in 1874, the first impressionism exhibition took place in Paris. In that exhibition, Monet presented a total of 12 artworks, which included five paintings and seven pastels. 6. Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) Born in the Netherlands, van Gogh was a remarkable painter whose works of art are still sold at unbelievable prices across the world today. His contribution to art was basically painting. He created many still-life paintings, several of them were portraits of friends and acquaintances. In all, van Gogh completed about 800 paintings. One thing that distinguished him as a painter was his grasp for color relationship and unique brushwork. His work is still a great source of inspiration for  several impressionists all over the world. 7. Auguste Rodin (1840-1917) Rodin was a workaholic and a dedicated sculptor. He is a worthy successor to great minds like Michelangelo. Rodin is popularly considered the best sculptor of the modern era. His success is derived from his ability to model stone and clay in complex manners. During his lifetime, Rodin earned a living collaborating with established sculptors on several projects. 8. Jan van Eyck (1390-1441) He is one of the most remarkable Northern Renaissance artists and many of his works are greatly copied today. Aside from working for the court, van Eyck produced several paintings for private clients. One thing that was peculiar to him is that he was the only painter in his era to sign his canvasses. 9. Donatello (1386-1466) Donatello is regarded as the greatest sculptor of the 15th century. He was no doubt one of the best artists of that era. He was very skillful with wood, terracotta, and stone. 10. Peter Paul Rubens  (1571-1640) Peter Rubens was the most influential figure in counter-reformation baroque art. His contribution to art was basically paintings; however, he produced almost all possible genres of paintings. He was very versatile, producing cartoons and book illustrations as well as sketches for metal work and sculptures. 11.  Ãƒâ€°lisabeth Louise  Vigà ©e-Le Brun (1755-1842) Vigà ©e-Le Brun was one of the most renowned portraitists of 18th century France and the most famous woman artist in Europe. Through talent and perseverance, she achieved  success in one of the most turbulent periods of French and European history and became one of Queen Marie Antoinettes favorite painters. She painted more than 20 portraits of Marie Antoinette, along with portraits of other European aristocrats, actors, and writers, primarily women. She was elected to art academies in 10 different cities. She  created over 900 paintings in her lifetime, including roughly 600 portraits and 200 landscapes. 12. Georgia OKeeffe (1887-1986) Georgia OKeeffe was one of the most important and successful artists of the 20th century. She was one of the first American artists to embrace abstraction and became one of the leaders of the American Modernist  movement. Her art is personal and innovative. She is known for paintings of large abstract flowers, dramatic New York skyscrapers, and southwestern landscapes.